Breast cancer is a form of cancer in which non-typical breast cells grow out of control and form tumours.
Although breast cancer occurs in both men and women, it is more common in women. It is the most common malignant disease in women (25% of all malignant diseases). Most people are diagnosed with breast cancer around the age of 50. The probability that a woman will get breast cancer in her lifetime is 1:8.
Due to early detection, improving understanding of the disease and new approaches to treatment, the survival rates have increased.
There are several signs of breast cancer. If you notice the folllowing symptoms, book an appointment with your doctor for an evaluation. Some symptoms include:
- A lump or thickening that feels different from the surrounding tissue
- Skin irritation or change in appearance in or around the breast
- A change in the shape or size of the breast
- A change in feel or colour of the breast
There are genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors that make it more likely of getting breast cancer, such as:
- Female
- Increasing age
- Family history of breast cancer
- Being overweight
- Limited physical activity
- Starting your period before the age of 12
- Drinking alcohol
Having one or more of these factors does not mean you will definitely get breast cancer. In fact some women develop breast cancer despite not having any known risk factors.
There are several changes you can make to your daily life that can help reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. Some recommendations are:
Self examination once a month - It is recommended that women occasionally inspect their breasts to become more familiar and aware of any changes that may occur.
Breast cancer screening - This can be discussed with your doctor to better understand when it is best for you to begin breast cancer screening exams.
Palpatory and ultrasound examination - It is generally recommended to do such examinations 1 to 2 times a year starting from the age of 20, and if necessary even earlier.
Developing a healthy lifestyle - By exercising most days of the week, choosing a healthy diet and maintaining a healthy weight you could reduce your risk of developing breast cancer.
Mammography - This is a low-dose x-ray that can identify changes in the breast that may be too small to be felt during a physical examination. It is recommended to do a mammography starting from the age of 45 every two to three years. Earlier mammography can be recommended if you have family history of breast cancer.
